Wayang Kulit Culture

PUPPET one of the top arts and culture of Indonesia's most prominent among many other cultural works. Culture puppets include acting, singing, music, speech arts, literary arts, painting, sculpture, and art is also symbolic. Puppet culture, which continues to evolve over time, is also a lighting media, propaganda, education, entertainment, philosophical understanding, as well as entertainment.
According to the research of the history of culture, culture is a culture of wayang native to Indonesia, particularly in Java. Puppet existence centuries before the Hindu religion into Java. Although a popular puppet story in today's society is an adaptation of the works of Indian literature, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Both parent's story in the puppet undergone many changes and additions to adapt them to the original philosophy of Indonesia.



This adjustment also involves the concept of philosophy on the philosophical view of Java against the gods in the puppet position. The gods in the puppet is no longer something that is free from wrong, but like the other God's creatures, sometimes acting wrong, and it could be a blunder. The presence of puppet characters panakawan dalam_ deliberately created the culture of Indonesia (Javanese cultural exact) to reinforce the concept of philosophy that in this world there is no creature that is really good, and really nasty. Every creature is always bearing elements of good and evil.

In his dissertation titled Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel (1897), Dutch cultural historian Dr. GA.J. Hazeau expressed confidence that the puppet is a native Java performance. Understanding puppet in the dissertation Dr. Hazeau it is walulang inukir (carved leather) and seen its shadow on the screen. Thus, the question of course is wayang Wayang Kulit as we know it today.

Origin

Regarding the origin of this puppet, in the world there are two opinions. First, the idea that puppets originated and was first born on the island of Java, precisely in East Java. This opinion than embraced and advanced by researchers and experts in the nation of Indonesia, also the research scholars of the West. Among Western scholars belonging to this group, is Hazeau, Brandes, Kats, Rentse, and Kruyt.

The reason they are strong enough. Among other things, that the art of puppet is still very closely related to sociocultural and religious state of the Indonesian people, especially the Javanese. Panakawan, the most important figures in the puppet, that Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong, there is only the Indonesian wayang, and not in other countries. In addition, names and technical terms puppet, everything comes from the Javanese (Kuna), and no other language.

Meanwhile, a second opinion suspected puppets from India, brought together by the Hindu religion to Indonesia. They include Pischel, Hidding, Krom, Poensen, Goslings, and Rassers. Most of this second group is the British scholar, the European country that once colonized India.

However, since the 1950s, the books seemed to have agreed that the puppet puppet is derived from Java, and in no way are imported from other countries.

Puppet culture in Indonesia is estimated to have been born at least in the reign of King Airlangga, king Kahuripan (976 -1012), ie, when the kingdom in East Java was being prosperous prosperous. Literary works that became the puppet story was written by the poet Indonesia, since the Century X. Among other things, the script-language literature Kakawin Book of Old Javanese Ramayana written during the reign of King Dyah Balitung (989-910), which is the composition of the book of Ramayana written by Indian poet Valmiki. Furthermore, the Javanese poet no longer just translating the Ramayana and the Mahabharata into Old Javanese language, but compose and retelling the Javanese philosophy by incorporating into it. For example, the work of the professor Kanwa Arjunawiwaha Kakawin, which is a book of compositions that berinduk on Mahabharata. Another spin-off is more noticeable difference derigan Indian version of the original story, is the work of master Baratayuda Kakawin Sedah and master Panuluh. Great work done during the reign of King Jayabaya, king of Kediri (1130-1160).

Puppet as a performance and spectacle had already started there since the reign of King Airlangga. Some inscriptions were made at that time, among others, already mentions the words "mawayang 'and` aringgit' which means that the puppet show.

Regarding the birth culture puppets, Ir. Sri Mulyono in his symbolism and mysticism in the Puppet (1979), estimate the puppet has existed since Neolithic times, that is approximately 1,500 years before Christ. His opinion was based on the writings Robert von Heine-Geldern Ph.. D, Prehistoric Research in the Netherland Indies (1945) and Prof. writing. K.A.H. Hidding in Indonesian Encyclopedia page 987.

The word `puppet 'probably derived from the word` wewayangan', which means shadow. This is consistent with the fact alleged in Wayang Kulit performances that use color, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays the puppet, and the audience behind the curtain. Spectators only witness puppet movements through the shadows fall on the screen. At that time puppet performances accompanied only by a simple set of gamelan consist of saron, he argued (a type of flute), and kemanak. Another type of gamelan and singer at that time suspected no.

For more menjawakan puppet culture, since the beginning of time of Majapahit Kingdom introduced another puppet story that is not orphaned in the Book of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Since then ceritacerita Flag: that the story of the ancestral kings of Majapahit, was introduced as one form of another puppet. Panji stories are then more widely used for Wayang Beber. Menjawakan tradition of wayang story also forwarded by some Islamic scholars, among them by the Wali Sanga. They began mewayangkan story Majapahit kings, of whom the story Damarwulan.

Introduction of Islam to Indonesia since the 15th century was also a big influence on the culture of puppets, especially the religious concept of the philosophy of the puppet. In the early 15th century, the kingdom of Demak era, began to use specially shaped oil lamps called blencong in Wayang Kulit performances.

Since the days of Kartasura, composing wayang Ramayana and Mahabharata berinduk on getting away from the original. Since the days that people know genealogy enthusiasts puppet puppet characters, including gods figure, which originated from the Prophet Adam. Sisilah it continues to come to the kings of Java. And furthermore, also known as the story began to grip puppet. appropriate standards of the story, and the story lines beyond puppet carangan standard. In addition there's more drama called splinter, which was too far out of the story grip.

Indeed, because the strength of puppet art is rooted in the culture of Indonesia, so there was some confusion between the wayang stories, legends, and history. If the Indians think that the story of Mahabharata and Ramayana actually happened in his country, regarded Javanese wayang story actually happened on the island of Java.

And in his own puppet Kulon Progo district still is in great demand by all circles. Not only by parents, but also older children and even young children also have unusual to see a puppet show. Besides, the puppet also commonly in use in certain events in the area of ​​Kulon Progo, both in urban areas or in rural areas Wates in Kulon Progo.